Bryophyte diversity patterns in flooded and tierra firme forests in the Araracuara Region, Colombian Amazonia
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چکیده
We investigated patterns of bryophyte species richness and composition in two forest types of Colombian Amazonia, non-flooded tierra firme forest and floodplain forest of the Caquetá River. A total of 109 bryophyte species were recorded from 14 0.2 ha plots. Bryophyte life forms and habitats were analyzed, including the canopy and epiphylls. Bryophyte species did not show significant differences between landscapes but mosses and liverworts were different and with opposite responses balancing the overall richness. Independence test showed differences in both life form and habitat use distribution between the two forest types with more fan and mat bryophytes species in the floodplains, and more epiphytic liverworts in the tierra firme forest. Correspondence analysis showed differences in the bryophyte species assemblage between the two forest types where they may be responding to the higher humidity provided by the flooding. Despite of, the environmental differences detected, epiphyll species assemblages were not strongly affected. Apparently, epiphyll habitat is stressful enough to hide the environmental differences between the flooded and Tierra firme forests. Resumen: Investigamos los patrones de riqueza de especies y composición florística de briofitos en dos tipos de bosque en la Amazonía Colombiana. Bosques no inundados de Tierra firme y bosques periódicamente inundados en los planos inundables del Rió Caquetá. Encontramos 109 especies de briofitos en 14 parcelas de 0.2 ha. Nosotros analizamos diferencias en la distribución de formas de vida y hábitat de los briofitos entre los dos tipos de bosque incluyendo especies del dosel y epifilas. El número de especies de briofitos no mostró diferencias significativas entre los dos tipos de bosque. Pero musgos y hepáticas si tuvieron diferencias con respuestas opuestas balanceando el número total de especies. Pruebas de independencia mostraron diferencias en la distribución de formas de vida y uso de hábitat entre los dos tipos de bosque con más especies de abanicos y esteras en los planos inundables, y más especies de hepáticas epifitas en el bosque de Tierra firme. El análisis de correspondencia mostró diferencias en la composición florística de briofitos entre ambos tipos de bosque, donde las comunidades de briofitos pueden estar respondiendo a un gradiente de humedad aportada por la inundación periódica de los planos inundables. La composición florística de los briofitos epifilos no mostró una separación tan clara entre los tipos de bosque como si fue detectada en los otros hábitat donde los briofitos fueron encontrados. Aparentemente, el hábitat epifilo es suficientemente estresante para ocultar el efecto de las diferentes condiciones ambientales de los bosques inundables y de Tierra firme.
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تاریخ انتشار 2004